The Impact of ERAS Program in Cardiac Surgery on Patient Prognosis

Exclusion Criteria

• •Refusal to participate, refusal to sign the informed consent form, or inability to communicate.
• •Participation in other clinical trials concurrently.
• •Combined coronary artery bypass grafting or ascending aorta surgery.
• •Emergency surgery.
• •Active infective endocarditis.
• •Previous history of cardiac surgery.
• •Preoperative presence of neurocognitive disorders (NCD), depression, or other psychiatric conditions.
• •Known abuse of alcohol, drugs, or anesthetics.
• •Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• •Presence of other serious comorbidities that may impede enrollment or affect survival, such as malignancies or severe disabilities.
• •Termination of Intervention
• •Intervention will be terminated for the following reasons:
• •Withdrawal of consent and request to exit the trial during the study period.
• •Significant changes in surgical approach: including the addition of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, etc.
• •Medical necessity for termination of intervention, as determined by the investigator, for example: use of cardiopulmonary bypass more than twice during surgery; unexpected difficulties in weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass or extubation; continued treatment may pose a risk to the patient.