Effects of Flapless Laser Corticotomy in Canine Retraction

Inclusion Criteria

• •Full complement of teeth with no congenitally missing teeth except 3rd molars.
• •Minor or no crowding cases requires four premolars extraction, canine retraction \& maximum anchorage with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.
• •No history of previous orthodontic treatment
• •Clinically healthy patients with no history of drug intake and\\or no history for any systemic illness, syndromes, craniofacial deformities.
• •Vital teeth with normal periodontium and no root resorption.
• •Adequate oral hygiene; probing depth values not exceeding 3 mm across the entire dentition; adequate thickness of the attached gingiva (1-2 mm).
• •No radiographic evidence of bone loss.