Lead Sponsor

Cairo University

Age

30 - 60 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

•Patients who are free from any physical or mental handicapping condition and no contributory systemic disease.
•Age between 30-60 years old.
•Males \& Females.
•Patients' acceptance for participating in the trial through an informed consent
•Maxillary permanent premolar teeth:
•* Diagnosed clinically and radiographically with pulp necrosis
•* With or without periapical radiolucency
•* Negative response of pulp tissue to thermal and electric pulp tester
•* Possessing two independent roots each having a type I canal
•* Patent canals with no internal calcification or resorptive lesions
•* Fully formed roots
•* Root curvatures less than 30

•Patient with contributory medical condition
•Badly destructed teeth
•Patients with pre-operative pain
•Patients having significant systemic disorders
•Patients with two or more adjacent teeth requiring root canal therapy
•Patients who had received antibiotics in the last month
•Teeth presenting with:
•* Positive response to thermal or electric pulp tester
•* History of trauma or previous endodontic treatment
•* Immature or open apices
•* Association with acute periapical abscess and swelling or fistulous tract
•* Fused roots at any level
•* Canals larger than size 15# K-file
•* Periodontonal/ endodontic lesions
•* Mobility higher than grade I
•* Radiographic evidence of external or internal root resorption vertical root fracture, perforation, calcification.
•* Severe root curvature (\>30)