Influence of Probiotics on Clinical Parameters, the Oral Microbiome and the Immune System During an Orthodontic Treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• •Systemic or metabolic disease that are related to gingivitis or (e.g. diabetes) or could possibly influence the oral microbiome
• •obesity:
• •-adolescents: body mass index \> + 2 standard deviations (SD) over the average value given by the World Health Organisation (weight and height will be measured)
• •Eating disorder or underweight
• •-adolescents: BMI \> -2 SD under the average value given by the WHO (weight and height will be measured)
• •Above-average consumption of milk products: \> 3 portions/day = \>1,2 liters of milk or 1200g yoghurt/day (daily dose recommended by the german society for nutrition = 1-3 portions of milk products)
• •allergy to ingredients of the lozenges
• •intake of antibiotics or dietary supplementation (probiotics, vitamin C/D) in the last 6 months or during the study
• •regular use of antibacterial mouth wash
• •pregnancy
• •smoking
• •retraction of the declaration of consent by the patient and the parent or legal guardian for adolescent patients