Send-In Sample Collection for Comprehensive Analyses of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses During Acute COVID-19 and Convalescence

Study Description: This is a prospective sample collection protocol to receive send-in biological samples (e.g., blood, saliva, stool, urine, and leftover clinically collected samples) for exploratory studies to characterize the immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses. Participants will not be seen at the NIH for study visits. Under this protocol, samples will be collected longitudinally from patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses and sent to the NIH for research evaluations. Additionally, samples will be collected from uninfected patients and patient relatives. Testing will be performed to improve understanding of host immune responses to these viruses, including but not limited to genetic, molecular, and proteomic testing. Findings relevant to participants' health and medical care may be returned to them and their referring health care providers or study teams. Objectives: Primary Objective: To achieve genetic, immunologic, molecular, and virologic characterization of the host immune responses during and after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses, which will be correlated with clinical course and outcome data. Endpoints: Primary Endpoints: 1. Identification of genetic variants that are associated with either severe/lethal disease or resistance to infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses. 2. Characterization of the dynamic changes of innate and adaptive immune responses acutely and during convalescence after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses. 3. Measurement of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, including the interferon (IFN) signature response, produced acutely and during convalescence after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other emerging or re-emerging respiratory viruses. 4. Characterization of serological responses against SARS-CoV-2, other viruses or microbiota, and host antigens. 5. Survey of other potential blood proteomic biomarkers of disease. 6. Characterization of intrapatient SARS-CoV-2 or other emerging or re-emerging virus genetic variation and evolution during infection and convalescence.