Percutaneous CT-guided Cryoablation of the Splanchnic Nerves

Exclusion Criteria

• •Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes or history of diabetic ketoacidosis
• •Thyroid disease unless on stable medications for \>3 months
• •Systemic steroid use within 30 days
• •Use of prescription or over the counter weight loss medications within 6 months prior to randomization
• •Any condition or major illness that places the subject at undue risk by participating in the study
• •Psychiatric condition rendering the subject unable to understand the possible consequences of the study
• •Inability to provide informed consent
• •Positive pregnancy test at time of cryoablation procedure
• •Female subjects who have been pregnant within 6 months or breast-feeding at time of enrollment into the study, or women who plan to become pregnant within the next 12 months
• •Diagnosis of anemia, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the preceding 3 months or expectation to receive transfusion within the next 12 months, or hemoglobinopathies that would affect HbA1c reliability
• •Active or recent infection
• •Immunosuppression
• •History of coagulopathy or high risk for development of deep vein thrombosis (including congestive heart failure, those who are non-ambulatory, active leukemia/lymphoma, prior thrombotic events, family history of thrombosis)
• •History of autonomic dysfunction, including amyloidosis, Parkinson's disease, autoimmune disease, spinal cord injury
• •History of heart failure
• •History of macro-occlusive vascular disease
• •Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
• •History of abnormal pulmonary function or pulmonary intervention (e.g., thoracotomy, thoracentesis, pneumothorax, or thoracic trauma)
• •History of or current substance abuse
• •Weight gain or loss of \>5% during the six months preceding enrollment
• •Use of any antihyperglycemic agents aside from metformin or sulfonylurea therapy