TXA in Anticoagulated Patients Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients younger than 18
• •Patients who are pregnant\* or breast-feeding women
• •Patients who are allergic to tranexamic acid
• •Patients scheduled for revision total shoulder arthroplasty
• •Patients with proximal humerus fracture or fracture sequelae
• •Patients who use estrogen containing medications (i.e. oral contraceptive pills)
• •Patients who have acquired disturbances of color vision
• •Patients with a history of any of the following diagnosis: '
• •* Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• •* Active intravascular clotting
• •* Severe pulmonary disease (FEV \<50% normal)
• •* Plasma creatinine \> 115 μmol/L in males, \> 100 μmol/L in females, or hepatic failure)
• •* (Renal impairment serum creatinine \> 1.5 times the upper limit of normal NYU)
• •* Preoperative anemia \[Hemoglobin (Hb) \< 11g/dL in females, Hb \< 12 g/dL in males\]
• •Patients who refuse blood products
• •Patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy
• •Patients with diagnosed or self-reported cognitive dysfunction;
• •Patients who are unable to understand or follow instructions;
• •Patients with severe liver disease, renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, and/or significant heart disease;
• •Patients with BMI over 50
• •Any patient that the investigators feel cannot comply with all study related procedures.