Measuring the Effects of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Cancer and DNA Repair Variations

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. Determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of talazoparib in tumor biopsies for patients with aberrations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage response genes who have or have not received prior PARP inhibitor treatment (separately). SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: I. Determine the response rate (complete response \[CR\] + partial response \[PR\]) of treatment with talazoparib in patients with aberrations in DNA damage response genes. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVE: I. Investigate tumor genomic alterations potentially associated with sensitivity or acquired resistance to talazoparib. OUTLINE: Patients receive talazoparib orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo biopsy and blood sample collection, as well as computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days.