Opioid-free Analgesia for the Management of Acute Post-operative Pain Following Caesarean Section

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnant women with active peptic ulcer disease, active liver disease, hepatic failure, and renal failure,
• •Pregnant women with previous history of ischaemic heart disease/myocardial infarction, heart failure, venous thrombosis and stroke,
• •Hypersensitivity to pentazocine, paracetamol, diclofenac or magnesium sulphate,
• •Pregnant women with history of non-medical use (abuse) of opioids,
• •Pregnant women on magnesium sulphate or have a clinical indication to receive magnesium sulphate,
• •Pregnant women booked for emergency caesarean section (because the urgency may not allow time for adequate patient counseling before recruitment)
• •Pregnant women booked for caesarean section under general anaesthesia or epidural anaesthesia,
• •Pregnant women who can neither communicate in english nor colloquial english.