Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

1\) Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3-5d patients aged ≥18 years;
2\) The diagnosis is consistent with CKD-metabolic bone disease and SHPT after evaluation by a kidney specialist;
3\) Sustained blood immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level of \> 300ng/ml, and had received drug treatment;
4\) Persistent hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia that is not responding to medication;
5\) Imaging suggested evidence of at least one parathyroid nodular hyperplasia;
6\) Signed the informed consent.

1\) Age \<18 years old;
2\) Patients with dialysis duration \< 3 months, or with other unstable dialysis state;
3\) Kidney transplant patients;
4\) Who is considered inappropriate to participate in this study after evaluation by the supervising physician.

Preemptive and Precise Intervention for CKD-SHPT