Videoscope-assisted Lateral Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: Evaluation of the Schneiderian Membrane for Micro-tears

Exclusion Criteria

• •Absolute contraindications:
• •Patients on IV bisphosphonates
• •Patients who are undergoing chemotherapy
• •Patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy where the field of irradiation included the maxilla
• •Patients whose membrane thickness is increased due to an existing sinus pathology (sinusitis or mucosal cysts): These conditions should be treated prior to surgical treatment (S. W. Kim et al. 2019)
• •Diabetic patients with uncontrolled diabetes and poor glycemic control
• •Patients who are undergoing long-term immunosuppressive therapy, or have been taking corticosteroids long-term (Bornstein et al. 2009)
• •Patients with active or untreated periodontitis
• •Relative contraindications:
• •Patients who have been receiving long term oral bisphosphonate therapy (3 years duration or more) (Bornstein et al. 2009)
• •Patients who smoke \>10 cigarettes per day
• •Patients who are alcohol abusers (Li and Wang 2008)
• •Patients who are on antithrombotic medications should be treated with extra caution during surgery, as well as patients with blood disorders that may affect hemostasis