Study to Assess the Effects of Intranasal Ketamine Along With rTMS for Patients With Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder (TRD)

1. Unable to speak English well enough to participate in the rating scales which will only be provided in English.

2. Pregnancy or lactation

3. Post-partum state (within 2 months of delivery);

4. History of substance abuse or dependence within the past year (except nicotine and caffeine)

5. a lifetime history of psychosis, bipolar disorder, or obsessive- compulsive disorder;

6. diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder or an eating disorder in the past year

7. lack of response to a past adequate trial of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for MDD;

8. prior treatment with TMS or a vagus nerve stimulator implant;

9. use of hallucinogen in the last month

10. Current treatment with any medication NMDA receptor effects

11. Any history of prior ketamine use

12. Any clinically-significant medication or condition that would preclude the use of ketamine.

13. History of: a dissociative disorder, seasonal patteren of depression as defined by DSM-IV, any condition likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure, space occyping lesion, seizure disorder except childhood febrile seizures, neurologic disorder or medication therapy known to alter seizure threshold, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack within the last 2 years, cerebral aneurysm, dementia, parkinson's disease, hunging's disease, multiple sclerosis, or a personality disorder (which in the judgement of the Investigator may hinder the patient in completing the procedures required by the study protocol)

14. Presence of ferromagnetic material in or in close proximity to the head.

15. Increased risk of seizure for any other reason, including prior diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure, pseudotumor cerebri, or history of significant head trauma with loss of consciousness for greater than or equal to 5 minutes

16. A true positive response to any question on the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Adult Safety Screen questionnaire

17. Inability to locate and quantify a motor threshold as defined in the protocol

18. ECT treatment within 3 months prior to the screening visit

19. Use of any investigational drug within 4 weeks of the baseline visit

20. Use of fluoxetine within 6 weeks of the baseline visit

21. Use of an MAOI within 2 weeks of the baseline visit

22. Use of any antidepressant within 1 week of the baseline visit

23. Significant acute suicide risk, defined as follows: Suicide attempt within the previous 6 months that required medical treatment; or Greater than or equal to 2 suicide attempts in the past 12 months; or

24. Has a clear-cut plan for suicide and states that he/she cannot guarantee that he/she will call his/her regular psychiatrist or the Investigator if the impulse to implement the plan becomes substantial during the study; or In the investigator's opinion, is likely to attempt suicide within the next 6 months.

25. Cardiac pacemakers, implanted medication pumps, intracardiac lines, or acute, unstable cardiac disease;

26. If participating in psychotherapy, must have been in stable treatment for at least 3 months prior to entry into the study, with no anticipation of change in the frequency of therapeutic sessions, or the therapeutic focus over the duration of the rTMS trial

27. Positive urine drug screen. (A positive urine drug screen at screening may be repeated once prior to randomization)

28. Clinically significant laboratory abnormality on CBC, TSH, ECG or hepatic profile in the opinion of the Investigator

29. Any known hypersensitivity or serious adverse effect with ketamine

30. Any clinically-significant medication or condition that would preclude the use of ketamine including respiratory illness requiring the regular use of oxygen.

What this study is about