The outbreak of COVID-19 infections is spreading in Italy with unprecedented severity characteristics. In this context, it is essential to collect data relating to the epidemiology of the disease, to outline further useful tools for diagnosis and to define the correct use of rapid molecular and / or serological tests in the surveillance of high-risk subjects (cancer patients and healthcare operators), in order to identify any new disease control strategies, crucial to reduce the transmission and to outline specific guidelines for cancer patients healthcare management. It is also necessary to identify the factors that determine the evolution of the viral genome over time in the various geographical areas and also the potential susceptibility markers in the different types of affected subjects (symptomatic, mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic).