Study of Urinary Kallikrein to Enhance Collateral Circulation in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. \>70% Stenosis in an intracranial artery other than the culprit artery.
• •2. \>50% Stenosis of an extracranial carotid or vertebral artery on the ipsilateral side.
• •3. Perforator strokes based on MRI.
• •4. Non-atherosclerotic lesion, for example, moyamoya disease, vascular inflammatory disease due to infection, autoimmunity diseases, developmental or genetic abnormalities, for example, fibromuscular dysplasia, sickle-cell anaemia, suspected vasospasm.
• •5. Potential cardiac embolism as cause.
• •6. Intracranial haemorrhage within 6 weeks.
• •7. Concomitant intracranial tumour, aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
• •8. Known contraindications for heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel or contrast.
• •9. Haemoglobin \<10 g/dL, blood platelet count \<100 000, international normalisation ratio \>1.5, or other uncorrectable coagulopathies.Impaired liver function (alanine aminotransferase or glutamic oxalacetic transaminase ≥ 3×upper limit of normal) or renal function (serum creatinie ≥ 1.5mg/dl);
• •10. A baseline modified Rankin Score of ≥3.
• •11. Life expectancy of \<1 year due to the concomitant illness.
• •12. Pregnant or lactating women.
• •13. long-term statins users.
• •14. History of mental instability or dementia.