Impact of Probiotics on Drug, Vitamin, and Hormone Metabolism

Inclusion Criteria

• •Be 18 to 40 years old.
• •Biological male participants only with no preference to ethnicity. Women are excluded as one of the aims is to determine the impact of probiotics supplementation on testosterone metabolism. As testosterone and metabolite levels are higher in men than in women, men will be recruited to have an increased ability to detect a difference.
• •Have a body mass index between 25 and 3218.5 and 27 kg/m2.
• •Be currently in good health without a self-reported history of liver, kidney, gastrointestinal or heart disease, and within the normal range or up to 15% of the upper end of the reference range on the Comprehensive and Hepatic Panel.
• •Participants must agree to take 2 capsules of Visbiome, a probiotics supplement provided by the study coordinators, twice a day (morning and evening) from Study Day 2 to 29.
• •Participants must agree not to take any prescription drugs for the entire duration of the study. This list includes, but is not restricted to, azole antifungal agents, macrolide antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, antihypertensive agents, cholesterol lowering agents, retinoids, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressant medications for the duration of the study.
• •Participants must be willing to avoid ingesting grapefruit, grapefruit juice or other grapefruit juice containing products during the study.
• •If an over-the-counter medication is needed, the participant should contact the study coordinator for verification and upon approval, the OTCs can be taken but should not be used 24 hours before each study visit and during the study visits.
• •Willing to fast overnight before the pharmacokinetic study days.
• •Willing to abstain from alcohol-containing beverages 24 hours before and during the study visits.