A randomized controlled trial will examine mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) program outcomes for 240 individuals who have completed treatment for opioid or alcohol use disorders. Participants will be recruited from outpatient medical clinics and substance use recovery centers. They will be assigned to an intervention group (Group 1) or waitlist control (Group 2), completing assessments at baseline, 8, and 16 weeks. Group 1 will receive the intervention in weeks 1-8 and group 2 will receive the intervention in weeks 9-16. MBRP is a group aftercare program that integrates mindfulness skills training with cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention strategies. Primary outcomes will include frequency of opioid/alcohol use, craving, withdrawal, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes include time to first opioid/alcohol use, adherence to medication-assisted treatment plans, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and chronic pain. We will also examine the following potential moderators of intervention outcomes: comorbid diagnoses, life events history, and MBRP intervention adherence. In addition, we will examine the following mediators of intervention outcome: mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, executive functioning skills, savoring, and positive and negative affect.
