Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI Scan in Predicting Tumor Aggressiveness in Patients With Renal Tumors

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: 1\. To investigate the association between HP 13C pyruvate-to-lactate conversion (peak lactate/pyruvate ratio, lactate /pyruvate AUC (area under the curve), the apparent rate constant (kPL) and renal tumor histology (benign renal tumors versus RCCs) and grade (low vs high grade in cases of RCCs). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the reproducibility of HP 13C pyruvate MRI in participants who undergo an optional second HP 13C pyruvate MRI. 2. To investigate the association between HP 13 C pyruvate-to-lactate conversion and tumor growth rate in participants who are deemed clinically appropriate for active surveillance for their renal tumors. 3. To determine the safety of HP 13C pyruvate in renal tumor participants. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: 1. To investigate the association between HP markers (peak lactate/pyruvate, lactate /pyruvate AUC, kPL) and tissue-based markers including Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression on tumor tissues from surgical specimen or from biopsy. 2. To explore the correlation between HP 13C pyruvate-to-lactate conversion (peak lactate/pyruvate ratio, lactate/pyruvate AUC (area under the curve), the apparent rate constant kPL) and 13C urea tissue perfusion in the kidneys and renal tumors. OUTLINE: Participants receive HP 13C pyruvate intravenously (IV) or a combination of co-polarized 13C pyruvate and 13C, 15N2 Labeled urea (15N2) and then undergo MRI scan 1-2 minutes post injection Participants may receive an optional second HP 13C pyruvate intravenously (IV) or a combination of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate and 13C, 15N2 urea injection and undergo 13C pyruvate MRI scan 15 to 30 minutes following completion of the first scan during the same imaging session, or the participant can return for a separate visit within 1-2 weeks from the first MRI to receive the optional second scan. After completion of study treatment, participants are followed up 30 minutes.