Brain Indices of Stimulant Treatment in Drug-Naive Youth at Risk for Substance Use Disorder

Exclusion Criteria

• •major neurological/medical illness
• •history of head injury
• •fetal exposure to alcohol/drugs;
• •diagnosis of major psychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, generalized anxiety, social phobia, Tourette's Disorder, PTSD, autism spectrum disorder) current suicidal ideation or past history of suicide attempt
• •Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) score \<75; 7)
• •current treatment with stimulants (prior or current treatment with non-stimulants is permitted, but participants must be off medication for 2 weeks at baseline; youth who had a past, brief stimulant medication exposure of no more than about a month, and not within the past 6 months may be included .)
• •current or past alcohol/drug use (interview; urine toxicology)
• •psychological or medical condition which precludes being in the scanner (e.g., claustrophobia, morbid obesity)
• •metal in the body that cannot be removed
• •visual disturbances that may impair task performance
• •precocious puberty (e.g. Tanner stage \>2).