Preemptive Infiltration With Betamethasone and Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain in Laminoplasty or Laminectomy

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patient refusal;
• •Participants who cannot use a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device and cannot understand the instructions of a Visual Analogue Score (VAS);
• •Previous history of spinal surgery;
• •Allergy to opioids, betamethasone or ropivacaine;
• •Peri-incisional infection;
• •History of stroke or a major neurological deficit;
• •Trauma, deformity;
• •Psychological problems;
• •Extreme body mass index (BMI) (\< 15 or \> 35);
• •History of excessive alcohol or drug abuse, chronic opioid use (more than 2 weeks), or use of drugs with confirmed or suspected sedative or analgesic effects;
• •Patients using systemic steroids;
• •Pregnant or breastfeeding;
• •Preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale \< 15;
• •Participants who have received radiation therapy or chemotherapy preoperatively, or with a high probability to require a postoperative radiation therapy or chemotherapy according to the preoperative imaging.
• •Not able to give written informed consent