Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Tiotropium and Olodaterol in Comparison to LABA/ICS

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. At least one prescription for Tio+Olo combined inhaler or a LABA/ICS combined inhaler between 1 January 2013 and 31 March 2019.
• •1. The first dispensing of either Tio+Olo or LABA/ICS combined inhaler will be defined as the index date.
• •2. For the main analyses, only fixed dose combination (FDC) inhalers will be included. Sensitivity analyses will also accept free combinations of LABA/ICS.
• •2. At least one diagnosis of COPD at any time prior to the index date.
• •3. At least one year of continuous medical and pharmacy health plan eligibility prior to the index date will be required to allow a baseline period for the covariates and identification of new use of the study drugs.