Pulmonary Vascular Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessed by MRI

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent pulmonary disease providing major morbidity and mortality. Bronchial obstruction is the cornerstone in assessment of the disease whereas associated pulmonary vascular disease remains poorly known. However, it has been shown that emphysema, frequently observed in COPD, contains major vascular lesions. Alteration of pulmonary vascularisation have been found during exacerbation of the disease. Moreover, it is well established that such vascular lesions form the substrate for endothelial dysfunction, expressed as an impairment of vascular adaptation during exercise, and evolving towards chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). Owing to its severe effects on the right-sided heart, it signs a pejorative turn in patients' survival and quality of life. Finally, COPD patients' phenotypes are very heterogeneous and the clinical response to PH treatments is variable; while some get a benefit, others are counter-indicated due to adverse effects. Improving knowledge on pulmonary vascular adaptive skills in COPD patients could allow for better understanding disease exacerbations, evolution towards PH and therapeutics to be offered to the patients. This area of research remains widely unknown because of the lack of simple tools to assess pulmonary vascularisation which could be used in clinical routine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an innovative and non-invasive tool capable of pulmonary vascular evaluation. This work aims at identifying pulmonary vascular impairment in COPD patients using functional MRI.