Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of online cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) to improve markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease risk among middle aged adults (40-64 years) with chronic insomnia who are at moderate-to-high risk for cardiovascular disease. Multiple trials have revealed face to face and digital CBT-I improves insomnia symptoms and associated daytime functioning. However, CBT-I has not been tested as a primary prevention intervention to reduce risk for CVD. Mid-life adults are a high-risk group for the emergence of CVD with detrimental consequences pervading into older adulthood including reduced quality of life and greater health care costs. The investigators will evaluate whether online CBT-I affects vascular and cardiac function and structure at post-treatment and 8-week follow-up in a community-based sample. Hypothesis 1: Online CBT-I will improve indices of cardiovascular function and structure compared to a wait-list control group at post-treatment. Hypothesis 2: Improvements in indices of cardiovascular function and structure will be maintained at 8-week follow-up in the online CBT-I group.

In this randomized controlled trial, comparing internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) to a wait-list control group on pre-post trial changes in indices of cardiovascular structure and function among community-based middle-aged adults with insomnia and moderate-to-high risk for cardiovascular disease, the investigators will recruit and enroll 38 participants. Initial screening will be conducted with an online survey. If they meet preliminary study criteria, then research staff will contact the participant to schedule an in-person, baseline assessment visit. They will be instructed that they must meet fasting requirements prior to this visit to obtain accurate cardiovascular physiology measurement. At the baseline assessment visit, the participants will undergo the informed consent process, complete questionnaire inquiring about medical, mental, and sleep health history, undergo a brief physical (vital signs, height, weight), and complete cardiovascular physiology assessment. If the participants remain eligible after these assessment, then the pariticpants will receive orientation on how to complete an online sleep diary while simultaneously wearing a wrist actigraph to track sleep and activity for the next 7 nights. This procedure is for baseline assessment. It will not be used to further screen participants. Once the participants complete this baseline sleep assessment, then they will randomly assigned to either immediate treatment with internet delivered CBT-I or a wait-list control group. The intervention group will receive an email with their own personal subscription to the online CBT-I program. Both groups will continue to wear the wrist actigraph for the duration of the trial. The immediate CBT-I group will complete sleep diaries within the online therapy program throughout the trial, whereas the wait-list control group will complete email-delivered, online sleep diaries from study staff throughout the trial. The online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia intervention is based in a standardized, manualized treatment designed to decrease sleep-inhibiting cognitions and behaviors, and to alter sleep-wake schedules. This fully automated therapy tailors its program features according to sleep diary data inputs. The therapy will consist of CBTI-I components: stimulus control therapy, sleep restriction therapy, cognitive therapy, and sleep education. The first week of treatment will solely focus on sleep education and completion of sleep logs. Upon completion of the treatment period, all participants will complete one more week of sleep diaries and wearing the wrist actigraph. The participants also will be scheduled to attend their post-treatment/trial in-person visit for assessment and to return the actigraph. Participants will complete questionnaires and undergo cardiovascular physiological assessment. After this post-treatment visit, the wait-list control group will receive their subscription of the internet-delivered CBT-I program. Participants randomly assigned to immediate internet delivered CBT-I will be scheduled for an 8-week follow-up visit during which they will once again complete outcome questionnaires and cardiovascular physiological assessment.