Efficacy of Biofeedback in Women With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Treatment options for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) vary depending on symptom severity. Conservative approaches such as pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, biofeedback, and lifestyle advice are usually suggested for urgency incontinence (UI), overactive bladder (OAB), and mild-to-moderate pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Conservative management remains the gold standard of treatment for female UI and OAB. There is Level 1, Grade A evidence supporting pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as an effective treatment for UI and OAB, and Grade B evidence that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) reduces the symptoms of urogenital prolapse, although topographic changes are not expected. Most of the past literatures focused on the effectiveness of PFMT on single disease, but seldom explored its effectiveness on complex disease (i.e. women presenting with more than one type of PFD). In the real world, some degree of POP was present in 41% to 50% of women on physical examination, but only 3% of patients reported symptoms such as bearing down sensation of vagina. Besides, there was a number of studies that assessed the efficacy of PFMT as a treatment for women with POP, but rarely explored its effectiveness in both subjective and objective (anatomic) improvement of prolapse severity. Biofeedback provides positive reinforcement to patients performing PFMT, therefore improves the quality of life of women with PFD. It can be achieved via several methods, including electromyography (EMG), manometry, or ultrasonography. A systematic review confirmed the benefit of adding of biofeedback to PFMT, but it was not clear whether this was the effect was related to another variable, such as the amount of health professional contact rather than the biofeedback.