Probiotic for Pain Osteoarthritis

Exclusion Criteria

• •Psychiatric or neurological disorders, celiac disease, lactose intolerance, or allergies or other ongoing illnesses (i.e., irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, etc.) or recent antibiotic treatment (i.e., \<3 months before the beginning of the study).
• •Participants with known hypersensitivity to celecoxib, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin or esomeprazole, etc.
• •Participants require treatment with aspirin \> 325 mg /day.
• •Participants who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day were excluded.
• •Participants will be excluded also if they score greater than 6 points on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or more than 30 points in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), dementia and not Italian speaking due to the high level of language skills required for questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing.
• •Post-traumatic OA (e.g., fractures), congenital hip deformities, surgical interventions to the hip or knee, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, or degenerative or non-degenerative neurological conditions in which pain perception is altered will be excluded