Correlating MicroRNA Changes With Sepsis Outcomes

Inclusion Criteria

• •Electively scheduled for surgical operation that require general anesthesia and expected duration of hospitalization of longer than one day (for patients in Perioperative Evaluation \& Management \[POEM\]) or high clinical suspicion of sepsis by the emergency physician (for patients in emergency center)
• •Ability to give informed consent. If the patient is incapacitated and unable to give informed consent, the next-of-kin or a person who has the power of attorney must be present for informed consent.
• •For patients in the emergency center only, two or more of the following SIRS criteria:
• •* Leukocytes \> 12,000/mm\^3 or \< 4,000/mm\^3 or \> 10% immature (band) forms, provided that no filgrastim or pegfilgrastim was administered within 30 days and no leukemia
• •* Heart rate \> 90 beats/minute (min)
• •* Respiratory rate \> 20 breaths/min or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) \< 32 mmHg
• •* Oral temperature \> 38 degrees Celsius (C) or \< 36 degrees C or axillary temperature \> 37 degrees C or \< 35 degrees C