Diagnostic Accuracy of the Central Venous Pressure (CVP) Variation to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Spontaneously Breathing Patients

Exclusion Criteria

• •Intolerance to ventilatory manœuvre including Severe basal dyspnea/Symptomatic heart failure (pulmonary edema)
• •Contraindication to passive leg raising (intracranial hypertension)
• •Passive leg raising unsuitable for measuring hemodynamic response : High grade aortic insufficiency/ Poor echogenicity unsuitable to measure the velocity-time /integral of aortic blood flow/ Pregnancy/Abdominal hypertension with abdominal compartment syndrome/ Lower leg amputation
• •Necessity of urgent hemodynamic therapy (within 90 min)
• •Modification of hemodynamic therapy during study protocol (vascular filling, increase catecholamine dose