Over the last few years, the Italian National Health Service has witnessed numerous and substantial changes, even more evident if one looks at the workload that this system is called to face when it comes to chronic diseases. In fact, while the progress of science has led to better outcomes in the treatment of acute diseases resulting in an increase in the average age of the population and an increase in the number of people suffering from chronic diseases, even multiple, on the other the changed socio-economic conditions activities have led to an increase in the number of elderly and socially fragile individuals. It takes very little to understand that these epidemiological and socio-sanitary mutations pose a serious threat to the stability of the investigator's health system.
To meet these new needs, the different countries of the world are analyzing and adopting various models of chronic disease management. Even if with different methodologies, all the models developed so far put the patient at the center of attention, in its uniqueness and with its needs, and propose to provide the latter with complete assistance, through the integration of health and social services.
In this scenario, also the role of pharmacist, historically linked to the dispensation of drugs upon presentation of a medical prescription and to a final control action to ensure a delivery of medicines in total safety, over time has evolved. In order to carry on this evolution, the pharmacist has been asked for new skills, to realize what has been defined as "the pharmacy of services", through which the pharmacist is recognized the possibility of becoming a strategic figure to meet the changed needs of the population on the one hand and the Italian National Health System on the other and to support the latter in the transition from a "waiting" medicine to an "initiative" medicine.
Diabetic disease and the resulting chronic complications, today, have a very significant impact on patients and their families, on morbidity and mortality, as well as having a strong economic impact on the health system. Despite this, most of the patients do not carry out what is foreseen by their diagnostic therapeutic assistance path (PDTA) due to several reasons such as long waiting times, the need to move to undergo examinations, which is not so easy for young people of working age as well as older people, lack of homogeneity in access to care and in the provision of services and more. The community pharmacist, therefore, represents, for the position in which it is located within the Italian National Health Service, a potential not yet considered. In fact, it could take on the role of case manager (a professional who manages one or more cases entrusted to him according to a pre-established path, such as PDTA, in a defined space-time context) of the patient suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus due to the capillarity territory, to the hourly availability superior to any other territorial health structure, to the health skills in its possession and to what it can offer in terms of services within the so-called "pharmacy of service".
In this scenario, the pharmacist would not replace any of the other actors already present in the multidisciplinary care team but would integrate in the same and, moreover, being already an agreement with the Italian National Health Service, the conferral of this role would not cause a excessive increase in costs, such as that resulting from the hiring of new staff to achieve the same objectives.
