Text Messaging and Cardiovascular Health in Diabetes Mellitus

Most patients with diabetes have multiple risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, or with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The purpose of the study of the proposed randomized trial will examine the effect of health text messages in improving lifestyle modification, medication adherence and CVD risk factors (glycated hemoglobin \[HbA1C\], systolic blood pressure \[SBP\], and LDL-cholesterol) over 12 months among patients with type 2 diabetes. This study is a multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The eligible participants will be randomly allocated into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will receive text messages in addition to usual care for 12 months, while the control group will receive usual care. The messages will target lifestyle recommendation, glucose control, blood pressure control, healthy eating, medication adherence, physical activity and smoking cessation. Each message will be sent on 6 of 7 randomly selected weekdays and arrived at random times the day during working hours. The primary outcome is the combined changes in HbA1C, SBP and LDL-cholesterol levels, simultaneous modeled using a scaled marginal model. The Secondary outcome includes the net change of CVD risk factors (glycated hemoglobin \[HbA1C\], systolic blood pressure \[SBP\], and LDL-cholesterol), and the proportion of participants with HbA1C \<7% (\<7.5% if with clinical CVD), BP\<140/90 mm Hg, and LDL-cholesterol \<100 mg/dL, and net change in estimated 10-year risk of CHD and CVD. The primary outcome and secondary outcome will be measured at month 3, 6, and 12 visits.