Opioid/Benzodiazepine Polydrug Abuse

Up to 120 patients who are currently in Substance Use Disorder treatment in Wayne County who use opioids, benzodiazepines (BZD), or both, will be assessed. Patients will be referred from the treatment regulator and local providers, and by advertisements in the community. Participants will take part in one 6 hour face-to-face assessment during which they will undergo comprehensive assessments of both clinical (substance use, mental health) and hypothesis-driven measures (affective, neurocognitive, behavioral). Participants must provide a supervised alcohol-free breath sample and a urine sample that will be screened for opioids, methadone, cocaine metabolites, BZDs, barbiturates, amphetamines. Psychopathology: The Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 will be used to evaluate lifetime and current psychiatric and substance use disorders. Affective dysregulation (inability to regulate emotions), neurocognition, pain and prescription misuse, insomnia, sleepiness, vigilance, and substance use will be assessed through the use of computerized measurements as well as paper and pencil questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Sample Size: Up to 120 total participant will be evaluated. This will offer greater statistical power to detect affective and neurocognitive effects than prior studies, including analysis of sex differences and correction for multiple comparisons.