Record and Analyze the Data of Patient Undergoing Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy From Patient Monitoring Instruments

The dynamic interaction between surgery and anesthesia is closely monitored by the anesthesiologist using various monitoring instruments in the operating room. However, it requires the recording and collecting the data for further analysis to answer the question that what is the exact effects of the surgical procedure to human body. In particular, the measurement performance of transient bradycardia calculated from electrocardiography and the monitoring indices such as Surgical Plethysmography Index, Analgesia Nociception Index should be compared side-by-side using data from the same subject. In this prospective observational study, the investigators will enroll 40 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery. Anesthetic management and surgery will be performed as usual clinical practice. The investigators will record the digital data exported from monitoring instruments, including cardiovascular system information (electrocardiography, photo-plethysmography , blood pressure and any additional monitoring items clinically required), neurological system information (Bispectral index, Entropy, Surgical Plethysmography Index ) and the respiratory gas monitoring (gas analyzer, respiratory waveform). All above data are provided by standard patient monitor (CARESCAPE Monitor B850, GE Healthcare). Analgesia Nociception Index are provides by Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring instruments (Mdoloris(TM) Medical Systems). The detailed surgical steps will be noted with precise time stamps to pinpoint the surgical effects afterwards. Registered events including anesthetic induction, intubation, disinfection, each skin incision, peritoneum perforation, laparoscopic trocar insertion, dissection, ligation and excision of cystic duct and vessel, electrocauterization, and extraction of specimen. The recording is ended before the end of monitoring in the operating room. All physiological data and demographic data will be stored in digital media after being de-linked from personal identification. Data analysis and Statistics will be particularly performed to explore the temporal effect and relationship. Methods including modeling, windowing and non-parametric spectral estimation will be used.