Efficacy Of Scalp Block And Ultrasound Guided TAP Block With Clonidine As Adjuvant To Ropivacaine Versus Intravenous Fentanyl On Intraoperative Hemodynamics And Perioperative Analgesia In Abdominal Bone Flap Cranioplasties

Scalp blocks with local anaesthetic agents along with general anaesthesia provides intraoperative and postoperative analgesia by blunting the hemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli. The transversus abdominis plane "TAP" block, a regional anaesthesia technique that provides analgesia following abdominal surgery. It involves a single large bolus injection of local anaesthetic into an anatomical space between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. Ropivacaine is less cardio toxic, less arrhythmogenic, less toxic to central nervous system (CNS) than bupivacaine, and it also has intrinsic vasoconstrictor property. Clonidine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist, which has a known property of reducing requirement of analgesics in the perioperative period. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of scalp block and TAP block with 1µg/kg clonidine as adjuvant to 0.2% ropivacaine versus intravenous fentanyl (0.1µg/kg/hr) on intraoperative hemodynamics and perioperative analgesia in abdominal bone flap cranioplasties.