Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to Understand 'Negative' Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Exclusion Criteria

• •DSM-V intellectual disability
• •substance use disorder within the past three months
• •Ambidexterity (the EEfRT task assumes participants are not ambidextrous)
• •Any history of progressive or genetic neurological disorder (e.g. Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, tubular sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease) or acquired neurological disease (e.g. stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumor), including intracranial lesions
• •History of head trauma resulting in any loss of consciousness (\>15 minutes) or neurological sequelae
• •Current history of poorly controlled headaches including chronic medication for migraine prevention
• •History of fainting spells of unknown or undetermined etiology that might constitute seizures
• •History of seizures, diagnosis of epilepsy, or immediate (1st degree relative) family history epilepsy with the exception of a single seizure of benign etiology (e.g. febrile seizures) in the judgment of a board-certified neurologist
• •Chronic (particularly) uncontrolled medical conditions that may cause a medical emergency in case of a provoked seizure (cardiac malformation, cardiac dysrhythmia, asthma, etc.)
• •Any metal in the brain or skull (excluding dental fillings) or elsewhere in the body unless cleared by the responsible covering MD (e.g. MRI compatible joint replacement)
• •Any devices such as pacemaker, medication pump, nerve stimulator, TENS unit, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt unless cleared by the responsible covering MD
• •All female participants of child bearing age will be required to have a pregnancy test; any participant who is pregnant will not be enrolled in the study
• •Medications will be reviewed by the responsible covering physician and a decision about inclusion will be made based on the participant's past medical history, drug dose, history of recent medication changes or duration of treatment, and use of CNS active drugs. The published TMS guidelines review of medications to be considered with rTMS will be taken into consideration given their described effects on cortical excitability measures.
• •Any changes in medications or hospitalizations within the past 30 days.
• •Subjects who, in the investigator's opinion, might not be suitable for the study or would be unable to tolerate the study visit