Exercise and Brain Health in MS

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS affects approximately 1 in 500 Canadians. There is no cure for MS and the heterogeneous symptoms of the disease makes it difficult to prescribe effective treatment strategies for disease management. While the progression, severity and specific symptom profile vary from person to person, there are three key symptoms associated with brain health- fatigue, depression and cognitive impairment- that invariably lead to poor quality of life and increased health care costs. Unfortunately, the majority of people with MS suffer from these symptoms (fatigue affects \~90%, depression affects \~50% and cognitive impairment affects 40-65%) and a critical challenge with MS is that these symptoms do not present individually. For example, persons with MS who experience depression are more likely to also experience fatigue and/or cognitive impairment, which together may be more detrimental to quality of life than each symptom alone. New evidence suggests that the three symptoms affecting brain health may be interrelated through a common mechanism of inflammation. Further, physical exercise is known to reduce inflammation and thus is a prime candidate for a novel therapeutic approach to symptom management through its effect on modulating the inflammatory response. Indeed, physical activity is already used to improve the physical status of individuals with MS and evidence-based physical activity guidelines (PAGs) for MS have been developed to guide prescription. However, the guidelines have not been tested for their effects on reducing inflammation and brain health disease systems. Therefore, the proposed research will be the first to evaluate the clinical utility of the PAGs for MS in reducing brain health disease symptoms and improving quality of life, and the first to comprehensively determine the putative effects of inflammation on these symptoms.