Subconjunctival Atropine and Intracameral Epinephrine for Pupil Dilation in Phacoemulsification

Exclusion Criteria

• •Poor pupil dilation(less than 6 mm diameter).
• •History of previous eye surgery or trauma
• •History of use of eye drops affecting pupil size such as pilocarpine.
• •Known drug allergy to cyclopentolate,phenylephrine, atropine sulfate or epinephrine.
• •Pediatric age group (less than 18 years old).
• •Pupil abnormalities, such as anisocoria or neurological disorders.
• •Associated glaucoma, uveitis, corneal, retinal or optic nerve disease.
• •Cases scheduled for phacoemulsification under general anaesthesia (to exclude possible ocular and systemic effects or interactions of anaesthetic agents).
• •Patients with bleeding tendency or on anti-coagulant therapy (because peribulbar and subconjunctival injections are used).