Complete paralysis of both upper limbs

Unable to detect any passive movement in hand and fingers

Unable to place the hand in the robotic devices without any discomfort or pain

Marked or severe intention tremor (Fahn's tremor rating scale on finger-to-nose test \> 3)

Marked or severe spasticity for finger and elbow flexors or shoulder adductors (Modified Asworth scale \>3)

Other medical conditions interfering with the hand function (peripheral nerve lesion, orthopedic or rheumatoid impairment, pain, edema)

Severe cognitive or visual deficits interfering with testing and training (e.g. Aphasia, neglect, …)

Reliability, Validity and Clinical Utility of a Robotic Assessment for Proprioception