Neurofeedback of Amygdala Activity for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Exclusion Criteria

• •Any primary psychiatric diagnosis of a current major mood disorder, psychotic disorder, autism, mental retardation, or DSM-5 substance use disorder of mild or greater severity (2 or more symptoms) in the past 30 days. Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders will be permitted if they are not the primary focus of clinical attention
• •Any history of psychosis or mania
• •Active suicidality within past year, or history of suicide attempt in past 2 years
• •Any contraindication to MRI scanning (severe claustrophobia, ferromagnetic metal in body, etc.)
• •Pregnancy
• •Any unstable medical or neurological condition
• •Any history of severe past drug dependence (i.e., a focus of clinical attention or a cause of substantial social or occupational difficulty)
• •Any history of brain surgery, of penetrating, neurovascular, infectious, or other major brain injury, of epilepsy, or of other major neurological abnormality (including a history of traumatic brain injury \[TBI\] with loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours or posttraumatic amnesia for more than 7 days)
• •Significant hearing loss or severe sensory impairment
• •Any psychotropic medication other than a stable dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• •Any change in accepted psychotropic medication within the past 2 months
• •Active engagement in cognitive-behavioral therapy or any evidence-based PTSD psychotherapy (Cognitive Processing Therapy \[CPT\], Prolonged Exposure \[PE\], Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing \[EMDR\]) initiated within the past 3 months; continuation of established maintenance supportive therapy will be permitted
• •Enrollment in another research study testing an experimental/clinical/behavioral intervention intended to affect symptoms initiated within the last 2 months, or intended enrollment within the next 2.5 months