Examining Bioactivity of PVSRIPO in Invasive Breast Cancer

The study drug PVSRIPO is the live attenuated, oral (Sabin) serotype 1 poliovirus vaccine containing a heterologous internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) derived from the human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2). The purpose of this pilot study is to examine PVSRIPO bioactivity in tumor tissue after intratumoral administration of PVSRIPO in women with invasive breast cancer. The hypothesis is that administration of PVSRIPO in the tumor causes inflammation, which stimulates innate and adaptive immune activation in invasive breast cancer. Enrollment target will include six women with invasive breast cancer. Women with stage II-IV invasive breast cancer with at least 1 cm of residual tumor after chemotherapy and scheduled for standard of care surgery will be eligible. The objective of the study is to investigate PVSRIPO-mediated inflammation and immunity in women invasive breast cancer. The primary exploratory objective is to describe the change in the amount of tumor infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissue pre- and post-injection of PVSRIPO by H\&E (Haemotoxylin and Eosin). Other exploratory objectives are: 1.) to examine tumor tissue pre- and post-injection of PVSRIPO for inflammatory and immune signature using arrays, CD155 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immune cell infiltrate by IHC and tumor infiltrating immune cells using flow cytometry (post-injection only); and 2) To examine blood for inflammatory and immune signature using arrays, immune cell composition (antigen presenting cells, B cells and T cells), T cell activation by flow cytometry and B cell activation by ELISA and peptide arrays. Blood will be collected on day -7 (before polio vaccine booster), day 0 (before PVSRIPO injection), day 2 (after PVSRIPO), day 14 (after PVSRIPO before surgery), and in follow-up at months 1 and 6 post-PVSRIPO.