Single-dose Potassium Supplementation in Patients With ADHD for Whom the Anesthetic Lidocaine is Ineffective

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Well treated with existing ADHD medication
• •2. Epilepsy
• •3. IQ less than 80
• •4. Severe head trauma that led to loss of consciousness for more than an hour or required surgery
• •5. Birth weight below 5 pounds or 2270 grams
• •6. Severe autism (milder conditions described as Asperger syndrome or "high-functioning autism" are not excluded)
• •7. Comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and any co-morbid condition at the discretion of the PI that would interfere with a patient's ability to participate
• •8. Mouth lesions, known to temporarily interfere with lidocaine effectiveness
• •9. Renal disease or abnormal kidney function or receiving dialysis
• •10. An individual has a factor likely to reduce penetrance, including excessive salt loss, such as caked salt on the body after exercise and Cystic fibrosis in a relative suggestive of the individual being a carrier.
• •11. Heart arrhythmia, known or evident on ECG
• •12. Known intolerance or allergy to lidocaine
• •13. Already taking supplemental potassium or renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors or other potassium elevating agents (see list below)
• •Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• •1. Alacepril (not available in US)
• •2. Benazepril (Lotensin)
• •3. Captopril (trade name Capoten)
• •4. Cilazapril (Inhibace)
• •5. Delapril (not available in US)
• •6. Enalapril (Vasotec/Renitec)
• •7. Fosinopril (Fositen/Monopril)
• •8. Imidapril (Tanatril)
• •9. Lisinopril (Listril/Lopril/Novatec/Prinivil/Zestril)
• •10. Moexipril (Univasc)
• •11. Perindopril (Coversyl/Aceon/Perindo)
• •12. Quinapril (Accupril)
• •13. Ramipril (Altace/Prilace/Ramace/Ramiwin/Triatec/Tritace)
• •14. Spirapril (Renormax)
• •15. Temocapril (not available in US)
• •16. Teprotide (but not active by oral administration and not used in US)
• •17. Trandolapril (Mavik/Odrik/Gopten)
• •18. Zofenopril
• •Angiotensin receptor blockers
• •1. Azilsartan (Edarbi)
• •2. Candesartan (Atacand)
• •3. Eprosartan (Teveten)
• •4. Fimasartan (Kanarb)
• •5. Irbesartan (Avapro)
• •6. Losartan (Cozaar)
• •7. Olmesartan (Benicar/Olmetec)
• •8. Telmisartan (Micardis)
• •9. Valsartan (Diovan)
• •Aldosterone antagonists
• •1. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• •2. Eplerenone (Inspra)
• •Renin inhibitors
• •a. Aliskiren (Tekturna, Rasilez)
• •Other potassium elevating agents
• •1. Antibiotics, including penicillin G and trimethoprim
• •2. Azole antifungals
• •3. Beta-blockers
• •4. Herbal supplements, including milkweed, lily of the valley, Siberian ginseng, Hawthorn berries
• •5. Heparin
• •6. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
• •7. Oral contraceptives containing drospirenone