Pain Biomarker Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •The following items exclude the subject from all portions of the study: a. Known history of cardiovascular or neurovascular diseases. These diseases may include carotid stenosis of \>50%, vertebral stenosis, peripheral vascular disease, angina or myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular malformations; b. History of brain tumors or epilepsy; c. Active pregnancy or lactation; d. Daily cigarette, tobacco or nicotine use; e. Life expectancy less than 1 year, co-existing disease or other characteristic that precludes appropriate diagnosis of headache or spine pain; f. Active drug / alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements; or g. Inability or unwillingness of subject to give informed consent (e.g., ward of the state)
• •The following items exclude the subject only from the capsaicin portion of the study: a. Known allergy to capsaicin or hot peppers
• •The following items exclude the subject only from the oxygen portion of the study: a. Pulmonary or other non-headache diseases that require the use of supplemental oxygen
• •The following items exclude the subject only from the cold water irrigation (ice water) portion of the study: a. Trauma, fractures, or congenital abnormalities of the soft palate