Diagnostic Biomarkers for Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Critically Ill Patients (HEMICU)

The investigators will draw blood samples of 100 patients at the time of diagnosis (each 50 with suspected or diagnosed HLH/sepsis) to determine a cytokine panel (c reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interferon (IFN) ɣ, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), the EBV and CMV viral loads, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and -antigen, perforin, fibrinogen, triglycerides, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, liver transaminases, sodium, serum albumin, electrophoresis, glycosylated ferritin, the microRNAs miR-205-5p, miR-194-5p and miR-30c-5p, perforin, CD107a and high immune status (differential blood count, T cells, B cells, NK cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, CD4 / CD8 ratio, HLA-DR of CD8 +, CD11a of CD8, CD57 of CD8, CD28 of CD8 +, HLA-DR of monocytes, CD56bright and CD69 of NK cells). The results of this study serve the development of new clinical concepts in order to safely diagnose HLH at an early stage, to distinguish from sepsis and to reduce the fatal consequences.