Endodontic Regenerative Procedure for Immature Non-vital Teeth

All participants will be prospectively assigned to the REP treatment group. Results from the treatment group will be compared to historical controls of all subjects treated by Ca(OH)2 or MTA apexification in the last 10 years (2007-2017) at the Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine. All materials used in this protocol are FDA approved and commercially available for similar applications. This study does not seek a new use or application of any materials, instead recommendations of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) will be followed to evaluate outcomes associated with the REP compare to the standard of care Ca(OH)2 or MTA apexification. The overall objective for this research is the elimination of any clinical symptoms and the evidence of bony healing as examined by radiographs. Other objectives include increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length and positive response to vitality testing, which if achieved, could indicate a more organized vital pulp tissue.