Programmed Intermittent Bolus Dosing Versus Continuous Epidural Infusion for Epidural Analgesia in Abdominal Surgery.

Exclusion Criteria

• •Age younger than 18 years of age, non-English speaking, contraindication for neuraxial anesthesia (such as, but not limited to coagulopathy, infection at site, allergy to local anesthetic), preexisting neurologic deficits, inability to consent due to cognitive dysfunction, patients with pain numeric rating score \> 5 each day for greater than 3 months, daily opioid consumption \> 100 oral morphine equivalents for 14 consecutive days prior to surgery, patient refusal.