Olaparib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Histiocytic Disorders With Defects in DNA Damage Repair Genes (A Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial)

Inclusion Criteria

• •Patient must have enrolled onto APEC1621SC (NCT03155620) and must have been given a treatment assignment to Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH) to APEC1621H based on the presence of an actionable mutation
• •Patients must be \>= than 12 months and =\< 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment
• •Patients must have a body surface area \>= 0.65 m\^2 at enrollment
• •Patients must have radiographically measurable disease at the time of study enrollment; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have iobenguane (MIBG) positive (+) evaluable disease are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as tumor that is measurable in two perpendicular diameters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visible on more than one slice
• •* Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• •* Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• •* Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• •* Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography \[PET\] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• •* Elevated tumor markers in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• •* Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• •* Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• •Karnofsky \>= 50% for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky \>= 50 for patients =\< 16 years of age
• •* Note: Neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been relatively stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• •Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• •* Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive
• •* \>= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• •* Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count \[ANC\] counts): \>= 7 days after the last dose of agent
• •* Antibodies: \>= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =\< 1
• •* Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, \>= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• •* Hematopoietic growth factors: \>= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for growth factors that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
• •* Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): \>= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• •* Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation \[TBI\]):
• •* Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: \>= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• •* Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: \>= 42 days
• •* Cellular therapy: \>= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, natural killer \[NK\] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• •* Radiation therapy (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: \>= 14 days after local XRT; \>= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to \>= 50% of the pelvis; \>= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
• •* Note: Radiation may not be delivered to "measurable disease" tumor site(s) being used to follow response to subprotocol treatment
• •* Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131iodine \[I\]-MIBG): \>= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• •* Patients must not have received prior exposure to olaparib, veliparib, niraparib, rucaparib, talazoparib or other poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi)
• •For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement: peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/mm\^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement: platelet count \>= 100,000/mm\^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive platelet or packed red blood cells \[pRBC\] transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• •Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 ml/min/1.73 m\^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) or
• •A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
• •* Age 1 to \< 2 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL for male and 0.6 mg/dL for female
• •* Age 2 to \< 6 years: maximum serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL for male and 0.8 mg/dL for female
• •* Age 6 to \< 10 years: maximum serum creatinine 1 mg/dL for male and 1 mg/dL for female
• •* Age 10 to \< 13 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL for male and 1.2 mg/dL for female
• •* Age 13 to \< 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dL for male and 1.4 mg/dL for female
• •* Age \>= 16 years: maximum serum creatinine 1.7 mg/dL for male and 1.4 mg/dL for female
• •Patients with solid tumors: bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •Patients with solid tumors: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment); (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• •Patients with solid tumors: serum albumin \>= 2 g/dL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =\< 1.5 x ULN (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •International normalized ratio (INR) =\< 1.5 (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
• •Patients must be able to swallow intact tablets
• •All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines