The Value of PSMA-PET Compared With Multi-parametric MRI in the Detection Prostate Lesions

Prostate cancer is the most common and second leading cause of cancer death in men. Mostly, patients undergo prostate biopsy whenever abnormal digital rectal examination or elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels have been found. Traditionally, trans-rectal US (TRUS) biopsy is performed using 10-12 needles that are inserted into different areas of the prostate gland. Despite this, up to 35% of prostate cancers are still not diagnosed. The use of multi-parametric prostate MRI (mnMRI) in which T2-weighted sequence, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced-imaging (DCE) are used has shown to increase the cancer detection rate of clinically significant lesions and better stratify prostate cancer compared to other modalities(3). A pre-biopsy mnMR can identify suspicious lesions that can be targeted on biopsy. Indeed, the use of MRI- US fusion in which pre-biopsy MR images are incorporated with real time biopsy US images has shown to reduce the number of biopsies performed on patients with low grade cancer and increase the detection of intermediate-high risk subgroups of patients(4). The introduction of PET/MR with the use of PSMA as a radiotracer offers the potential to add a new biomarker to the well-established mnMRI. Different PSMA metrics such as SUV, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and kinetic parameters can be correlated with lesion detection rate and Gleason score and help tailoring the precise treatment to patients. The purpose of the current study is to reveal if PSMA-PET has an added value in the detection and stratification of prostate cancer to the currently used nmMRI. First Objective: To examine whether PSMA-PET increases detection sensitivity and allows better classification of prostate lesions. Secondary objective: To check the correlation between PSMA-PET measurements and the various indices of multi-parametrial MRI and the histological results. The work hypothesis: The PSMA PET MRI measurements will improve the ability to identify and classify prostate lesions and conform to the various MRI measurements Research Methods- The study population: Patients who have a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer that will be referred to the prostate multi-parameter MRI before deciding on a prostate biopsy Sampling Method: The study is prospective and will include subjects who meet the criteria for inclusion in a continuous manner. The subjects will undergo a PET MRI PSMA test, followed by a prostate fusion biopsy (up to two weeks after the test) using US fusion technology. Parameters of the PSMA PET-MR test : PET Measurements: Quantitative calculation of the absorption of suspicious lesions. The type of biopsy will depend on the PET MRI results. If a suspicious finding is found according to the PET or MR test or both, the biopsy will be done using the US FUSION MRI, and if a suspicious lesion is not seen, the biopsy will be performed by sonar alone, or not at all. Sample size: 70 participants.