Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) and Laser Laryngeal Surgery

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients with significantly decreased myocardial function (ejection fraction \< 50%)
• •2. Patients with abnormal cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities, except for patients with isolated, asymptomatic premature atrial and ventricular contractions.
• •3. Patients with significant peripheral vascular disease, such as those with the symptoms of intermittent claudication.
• •4. Patients with known significant cerebrovascular disease, such as history of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) .
• •5. Patients with significant renal insufficiency, as manifested by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
• •6. Patients with electrolyte (K+, Ca++) abnormalities, as determined by the lab values outside of a normal range.
• •7. Patients with the history or symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or reduced intracranial compliance (e.g. headaches, nausea and vomiting, visual changes, mental changes).
• •8. Patients with skull base defects.
• •9. Patients with pulmonary hypertension who have pulmonary artery pressures above the normal range.
• •10. Patients with significant chronic obstructive or restrictive lung diseases, as manifested by known history of baseline chronic hypoxia and/or hypercapnia, and/or baseline room air oxygen saturation (SpO2) \< 95% .
• •11. Obese patients with BMI \> 35 kg/m2.
• •12. Patients with severe and poorly controlled gastroesophageal reflux disease despite medical treatment.
• •13. Patients with hiatal hernia and full stomach patients.
• •14. Patient's refusal to participate in the study.
• •15. Patients who do not understand English or mentally handicapped. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients.