Anakinra Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Acute MyocarditIS

There is no specific treatment of acute myocarditis, especially during the inflammatory period. Interleukin (IL) is specifically involved during this period and play a role in myocardial oedema. ANAKINRA, an IL-1β Blocker, is a new treatment that has never been evaluated in myocarditis. The benefit for the patient could be important with a reduction of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias. Hypothesis : ANAKINRA in addition to standard therapy for treatment of Acute Myocarditis is superior to standard therapy based on an association of beta-blockers and Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme inhibitor (ACE).

It is a Double Blind Randomized clinical trial Phase IIb of superiority, enrolling two groups: one group treated with the standard of care, defined as the maximum tolerated dosage of any beta blockers and ACE, and placebo versus ANAKINRA in addition to the standard of care in patients treated for an acute Myocarditis. Patients will be randomized to receive ANAKINRA 100 mg/daily or placebo subcutaneously once a day until hospital discharge, for a maximum of 14 days, in addition to standard care: ACE and Beta-blocker for 6 months. Randomization 1:1 will be conducted centrally using the electronic Case Report Form (eCRF). As an exploratory analysis, a second randomization for ACE discontinuation in patients without left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF \> 50%) at one month post discharge will be performed. One group will stopped the treatment at one month and the second group will continued the ACE for 6 months. This second randomization is in open label.