HFNC Alone or Associated With NIV for Immunocompromised Patients Admitted to ICU for Acute Respiratory Failure

Inclusion Criteria

• •Age ≥ 18
• •Admission to ICU for acute respiratory failure defined by all of the following criteria:
• •* Dyspnea at rest with RR ≥ 25 breaths/min
• •* PaCO2 ≤ 50 mm Hg
• •* PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg under oxygen ≥ 10 l/min through a mask or HFNC or NIV (for patients under oxygen FiO2 will be calculated using the following formula: oxygen flow in liters per minute x 3 + 21)
• •Immunosuppresion defined by 1 of the following criteria:
• •* Hematological malignancy (active or remitting \< 5 years)
• •* Allogenic stem cell transplantation \< 5 years
• •* Solid cancer (active)
• •* Leucopenia \< 1 G/l or neutropenia ≤ 0.5 G/l after chemotherapy
• •* Solid organ transplantation
• •* AIDS (not only HIV)
• •* Treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs
• •* Systemic steroids ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/d of prednisone-equivalent for ≥ 3 weeks
• •Non opposition to participate obtained from the patient or their legally acceptable representative.