Study of the Impact of a Targeted Decolonization of S. Aureus Persistent Carriers

Hemodialysis patients will be randomized in 2 arms: one arm where persistent carriers will be decolonized. Decolonization schedule associate the use of mupirocin nasal ointment 3 times a day and chlorhexidine bath once a day for 5 days. Screening of persistent carriers in this arm will be done every 3 months and a new decolonization will be proposed to patients found (again) persistent carriers. Determination of carriage status will be done using one nasal swab by following the algorithm previously described. Bacterial load will be determined by a quantitative S. aureus PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) : persistent carriers are the patient with a bacterial load \> 103 CFU/mL (Colony Forming Unit) . The other arm is HD patients in which decolonization is not performed including impersistent carriers. All infections that occurred in enrolled patients will be counted in both groups