Celecoxib After Tonsillectomy

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects will take acetaminophen plus either celecoxib or placebo in regular scheduled doses, and will supplement as needed with standard of care analgesic therapy (oxycodone/acetaminophen). Celecoxib is approved by the FDA for use in children ages 2 and older for treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Celecoxib is on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) formulary for use in (1) patients \>= 2 years old for JRA, (2) patients \>= 12 years old and \>=40 kg who have increased risk for gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects or bleeding concerns precluding use of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and (3) oncology patients with surface area \>= 0.4 square meters for anti-angiogenesis. Celecoxib is approved by the FDA for use in adults for treatment of arthritic conditions, acute/ postoperative pain, and primary dysmenorrhea, and has been widely used since its introduction in 1998. Setting/Participants:Subjects are healthy children aged 3 to 11 years who undergo tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy at any Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) location. Subjects with coagulation disorders are excluded. Approximately 300 subjects will be enrolled, 150 in each treatment group. Study Interventions and Measures: Subjects are provided celecoxib or placebo in scheduled doses every 12 hours for 5 days, then continue until they are pain-free, for a maximum of 10 days. Throughout the study, they are allowed to use oxycodone/acetaminophen as needed for additional pain control, following standard clinical care. Acetaminophen is used around the clock for the first 5 days in all subjects. For 14 days following surgery, subjects record pain levels on validated pain scale instruments, quantity of narcotic medication and acetaminophen required, and time to return to normal diet. All Emergency Department and hospital admissions during the 30 postoperative days are recorded, noting incidence of excess pain, dehydration, hemorrhage, and other complications. Pain control efficacy is assessed by comparing groups for number of days in which narcotic medication was used, and total quantity of rescue pain medication consumed. Rates of hospital readmission and postoperative hemorrhage, and the need for operative control, are also compared between groups.