Neural Mechanisms Associated With Risk of Smoking Relapse

Exclusion Criteria

• •Subjects who present and/or self-report with the following criteria at any point during study participation will not be eligible to participate in the study:
• •Smoking Behavior:
• •1. Use of chewing tobacco or snuff or cigars;
• •2. Current enrollment or plans to enroll in another smoking cessation program or research study in the next 3 months;
• •3. Current or anticipated (within the next 3 months) use of smoking cessation medications or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT);
• •4. A baseline carbon monoxide (CO) reading less than or equal to 8ppm.
• •Alcohol/Drugs:
• •1. Diagnosis or treatment for alcohol or drug abuse in the past two years as reported during phone screen (e.g., alcohol, opioids, cocaine, or stimulants);
• •2. Current alcohol consumption that exceeds 25 standard drinks/week;
• •3. Positive breath alcohol concentration test (BrAC greater than or equal to 0.01) at intake;
• •a. Participants testing positive for breath alcohol with a reading equal to or greater than .08 (the legal driving limit) or who are visibly impaired will be instructed not to drive themselves home after the appointment. If a participant needs to use a phone to call for a safe ride home, an office telephone will be made available to the participant.
• •4. A positive urine drug screen for cocaine, opiates, PCP, benzodiazepines, methadone, MDMA, amphetamine, methamphetamine, tri-cyclic antidepressants and/or barbiturates at any session;
• •Medication:
• •Current use or recent discontinuation (within the past 30 days at the time of Intake) of:
• •1. Smoking cessation medication (e.g., Zyban, Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Chantix, NRT);
• •2. Anti-psychotic medications;
• •3. Anti-depressants (tricyclics, SSRI's, selective and nonselective MAOIs, Wellbutrin/Zyban);
• •4. Anti-anxiety agents;
• •5. Anti-panic agents;
• •6. Prescription (e.g., Provigil, Ritalin) or over-the-counter stimulants;
• •7. Prescription sleep aids (e.g., Ambien, Lunesta) if used more than 2x/week. If participants report use less than twice a week, they will just be asked to refrain from use during imaging portion of the study.
• •8. Any medication that could compromise participant safety as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or Study Physician;
• •Daily use of:
• •9. Opiate-containing medications for chronic pain.
• •Medical/Neuropsychiatric:
• •1. Women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, and/or breast feeding. All female subjects of childbearing potential will undergo a urine pregnancy test at Intake and both fMRI scan visits (3 urine pregnancy tests in total).
• •2. History of epilepsy or a seizure disorder;
• •3. History of stroke;
• •4. Self-reported brain or spinal tumor;
• •5. Self-reported history or current diagnosis of psychosis, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, current major depression (subjects with a history of major depression but in remission for past 6 months are eligible), or any Axis 1 disorder.
• •fMRI-Related:
• •1. Self-reported history of head trauma;
• •2. Self-reported brain (or CNS) or spinal tumor;
• •3. Self-reported use of pacemakers, certain metallic implants, or presence of metal in the eye as contraindicated for fMRI;
• •4. Self-reported history of claustrophobia;
• •5. Being left-handed;
• •6. Color blindness;
• •7. Weight greater than 299lbs;
• •8. Self-reported history of gunshot wounds;
• •9. Any impairment preventing participants from using the response pad necessary for the cognitive testing;
• •10. Circumstances or conditions that may interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• •General Exclusion:
• •1. Any medical condition, illness, disorder, or concomitant medication that could compromise participant safety or treatment, as determined by the Principal Investigator;
• •2. Low or borderline intellectual functioning - determined by a score of less than 85 on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS) (administered at Intake Visit);
• •3. Enrollment or plans to enroll in another research study;
• •4. Inability to provide informed consent or complete any of the study tasks as determined by the Principal Investigator.